Yale Liver and the World Roundtable.mp4

Transcript

• 00:00I'm not saying everybody here,
• 00:04let's see. I'll go ahead and
• 00:06make the announcement first.
• 00:11Welcome back to the Yale
• 00:13Liver Diamond Jubilee event.
• 00:15Please submit your questions for
• 00:16the panel through the Q&A on
• 00:18the right side of your screen.
• 00:20This session is being recorded.
• 00:21Thank you.
• 00:31Well, good afternoon,
• 00:32good evening everybody and thank
• 00:35you again for joining this session
• 00:37of our celebration for the Jubilee.
• 00:40This is the session on Yale Liver
• 00:43and the world's round table.
• 00:46And we're going to be talking to
• 00:49any fellows and former visiting
• 00:52scientists about their time here
• 00:55at at with the liver center.
• 00:58And I'm going to go in alphabetical
• 01:01order and introduce them to you first.
• 01:03And then I'm going to ask each
• 01:06one in alphabetical order to talk
• 01:08to us a little bit.
• 01:103 for three or four minutes only,
• 01:12no slides and get us into a conversation
• 01:16about why you came to Yale and how it
• 01:21influenced your subsequent career.
• 01:25So the first person I will
• 01:28introduce is dominico alvero.
• 01:33Nemo, as we like to call him is Professor
• 01:35of Medicine at Sapienza University in Rome.
• 01:41Then there is Alrich Boyers.
• 01:44Olrich is professor of medicine and the
• 01:47Amsterdam University Medical Center,
• 01:49head of the Department of
• 01:51Gastroenterology and Hepatology.
• 01:54Then there's Jaime Bosch.
• 01:57Heime is has two locations,
• 02:001 initially in in Barcelona.
• 02:03But now in in Bern, Switzerland.
• 02:07Where he is professor of medicine
• 02:10at the University of Bern.
• 02:13Then we have a look Fabri Luca.
• 02:17Where are you here?
• 02:20And look associate professor of Medicine,
• 02:23Department of Molecular Medicine
• 02:25at the University of Padua.
• 02:28And then we have Fatima Leti.
• 02:32Fatima is a visiting scientist on
• 02:35several occasions that at Yale.
• 02:37She said this one,
• 02:39the Federal University of Minas
• 02:41Gerais in Belo Horizonte in Brazil.
• 02:45So welcome Tina,
• 02:48Fatima excuse me and then we have
• 02:52Christine RuPaul and Christine is
• 02:55is at the IS Professor of medicine.
• 02:58Internal medicine at the University
• 03:01Hospital in Frederick Shore
• 03:04University in Jenna and Germany.
• 03:06And then we have Michael Trouter
• 03:10Michael next to last but not least,
• 03:14Michael is Professor of medicine at
• 03:17the Medical University of Vienna.
• 03:20Do we have shevan yet?
• 03:22I don't think so.
• 03:23I don't see him anyway, so we'll go ahead.
• 03:26But we're waiting.
• 03:27We won't wait for ship,
• 03:28but he's a senior professor of
• 03:31Hepatology at the Institute of Liver
• 03:33and Biliary Sciences in New Delhi.
• 03:36And it's it's midnight and in Delhi.
• 03:39We hope the connection will be made
• 03:42that so we're going off about 1/4.
• 03:45And I'll turn first,
• 03:47then to Doctor Alvaro Nimo and ask
• 03:50you to give us your thoughts about
• 03:53why it was you came to you and what
• 03:56it is to have the liver center
• 03:59contributed to your to your career omemo.
• 04:08Thank you, Jim.
• 04:09Thank you also to Michael and
• 04:12Mario for the kind invitation.
• 04:14I spent two fantastic years 1990
• 04:17ninety two in deliver centers.
• 04:20And without turned out,
• 04:22my personal information takes
• 04:24relevant benefits from the scientific
• 04:26and social environment, breaded E.
• 04:29Yale in New Haven.
• 04:31It was fantastic to be able to spend three
• 04:34years completely dedicated to research.
• 04:37At that time,
• 04:38it was thought that the biliary tree
• 04:40and the only a passive and mechanic
• 04:43rolling while transporting them,
• 04:45testing, and so when Jim Boyer,
• 04:47a senior, me a project to study colon.
• 04:50Besides, it seems like I'm married or
• 04:54research with few possibility of success.
• 04:57Very soon,
• 04:58the enormous original properties
• 05:00of these cells began to emerge
• 05:02as a further demonstration of
• 05:05our nothing and research must be
• 05:07taken for granted at your eye.
• 05:09When I left the Yale,
• 05:10I still remember Jim sentence.
• 05:13She's he said that the success
• 05:15of a project is not measured
• 05:17only by the results of obtained,
• 05:20but how much avenues you live open
• 05:23for possible future discoveries.
• 05:26At Yale, I learned the scientific rigor,
• 05:30the need to tackle the challenges
• 05:32of research with a critical spirit
• 05:35confronting myself with many
• 05:37colleagues from various parts of
• 05:40the world with different cultures.
• 05:42I learned that in research,
• 05:44so nothing is taken for granted that
• 05:47one must not accept preconceived
• 05:51concept without experimenting.
• 05:53Experience in Yale was fundamental for my,
• 05:57for me because I transferred not only
• 06:00the technology acquired the TL in my lab,
• 06:03but including the isolated and
• 06:05perfused deliver of didactic unit and
• 06:08also to transfer the same scientific
• 06:11rigor and the spirit of critical
• 06:15confrontation into my group of research.
• 06:19And above all,
• 06:21for having a learned from international
• 06:24scientific collaboration that have
• 06:27been fundamentally my career.
• 06:29Just as the importance and the
• 06:32ability to transfer once common
• 06:34knowledge and experience to the
• 06:37youngest without arrogance,
• 06:39and presumption is something that
• 06:42I've certainly acquired at Yale from
• 06:46my mental Genvoya now I spend more
• 06:49than 80% of my time in carrying on
• 06:52as Dean of a great medical school,
• 06:55but any moment is useful for me to
• 06:58continue to devote myself to research.
• 07:01And after 30 years the lawn
• 07:04for Colangelo said this,
• 07:05still more alive than before to indicate
• 07:08how much the experience in jail was for me,
• 07:12or what impact?
• 07:13The most relevant thing is that we
• 07:16have continued for years to remain
• 07:19in scientific friendly contact
• 07:21with Yale colleagues,
• 07:23including Michael Troner and Ulrich Bevers,
• 07:27who came to visit me in Rome in the
• 07:30past years who met in conference
• 07:32all over the world.
• 07:34So I can only express my gratitude
• 07:36to the liver center and to the
• 07:38colleague who work there,
• 07:40wishing everyone a good life, full of
• 07:43success and fellows from all over the world.
• 07:47Many, Many thanks.
• 07:49Thank you, thank you.
• 07:51My next go to Orick Boyers.
• 07:56Yeah, I, I came to Yale in the first
• 07:59time I came to Yale in 1991 and
• 08:02in the lab memo was already busy,
• 08:05mostly at night times.
• 08:07I remember that very vividly,
• 08:09but Jim and myself met before in Munich,
• 08:12and at that time I was obsessed
• 08:14to find out how Earth works.
• 08:17So we made a plan that I
• 08:20should come to the lab.
• 08:21I had finished my internal
• 08:22medicine training and so I made
• 08:25a break in my in my training.
• 08:27And as these first two years
• 08:29were were now for me,
• 08:31I think they were changing my life.
• 08:34Really, I had done biochemistry 2
• 08:36years before before I started internal
• 08:38medicine and and gastroenterology.
• 08:41And but these two years intense work
• 08:45you can go next door to ask for the
• 08:48newest technology to to answer your
• 08:50question in our weekly discussions.
• 08:52I really enjoyed that and and I
• 08:55think when I left in 1993 we had
• 08:59really done a lot and I still I still
• 09:04like the work we have done there.
• 09:06I I don't know exactly the number of
• 09:09students and fellows I I then sent to
• 09:11you to the to the liver lab in in in Yale.
• 09:14I think it was between 7:00 and 8:00.
• 09:17And they all enjoyed it, but it's hard work.
• 09:21It's focusing on the on the subject.
• 09:23Everybody tries to to to.
• 09:27Find the best way to approach a problem.
• 09:30Last time I was there in 2015 as a
• 09:33visiting professor for several months,
• 09:35we changed the PC name and and it was a yeah.
• 09:39I have lots of good experiences
• 09:43this sailing the city, the campus.
• 09:48It's a lot, it's just enjoyable.
• 09:50I can recommend to everybody.
• 09:52Go to Yale for a while.
• 09:54You will become happy and and and another.
• 09:57You will get your views and and
• 10:01and I think it really kind of.
• 10:04Yeah, changed also my views so thanks a lot.
• 10:08It was a big pleasure always
• 10:10and all our friends.
• 10:12We we make many friends
• 10:14and what MIMO already said.
• 10:16I'm very happy when I meet
• 10:18MIMO or Michael and so forth.
• 10:21The thanks a lot.
• 10:23Thank you very much, honey. What about you?
• 10:26What brought you to Yale and and?
• 10:30I think as a fellow originally and then
• 10:33and then came back a few times more.
• 10:36Yeah sure. Well, I came here
• 10:39because of portal hypertension.
• 10:40You you guess it and at that time I
• 10:43was working with the cardiologist
• 10:45in my hospital to do research in
• 10:48portal hypertension to use the Cath
• 10:50lab of the cardiologist and I I
• 10:53was attracted by the papers that
• 10:56Roberto was publishing with Jay Cohn.
• 10:59And so I when when I planned to go
• 11:04abroad for my postdoctoral fellowship,
• 11:07they say I have to go with Roberto Graffman.
• 11:09But who can tell me if if if,
• 11:13I'm right or not?
• 11:14And I took advantage of being with them?
• 11:18Sheila Sherlock in in in having dinner
• 11:20in a in a Congress room at that time
• 11:24all the congresses have big tables,
• 11:27and you had dinner with the
• 11:28with the professors.
• 11:29Meetings were very small.
• 11:31We were 200 people at the usual meeting
• 11:35and I ask them Sheila for for going to
• 11:38yell and and she asked me with whom are
• 11:42you going to say with Roberto Rossman,
• 11:45right?
• 11:45You are doing the right choice go
• 11:48and you certainly will succeed
• 11:50and she was prophetic and I'm very
• 11:53glad to have made that decision.
• 11:56I I was.
• 11:59Very very very blessed to be here
• 12:01and it make a big change in my
• 12:04life and in my career I I had
• 12:07plenty of opportunities to work.
• 12:09The lab was bright with ideas.
• 12:11We developed new animal models,
• 12:14new ideas,
• 12:15new methods of looking for clinical aspects
• 12:20in patients with portal hypertension.
• 12:22We started working in in new mechanisms
• 12:26and new treatments and I started that.
• 12:29Cooperation with Roberto that
• 12:32lasted until he died and I'm still
• 12:35working with with Lupe and Lupe.
• 12:38By the way,
• 12:38I came here in 1980 to 82 so
• 12:41I am the older fellow here,
• 12:44but I think chronologically I was
• 12:46quite young when I came here.
• 12:49I don't know if shifts are in.
• 12:50It's a little bit the same age.
• 12:52I am more or less,
• 12:53so I have not the privilege of
• 12:56the age but the last thing I did.
• 12:59To yell when I came was to introduce
• 13:02Lupe Garcia Zhao to the place when
• 13:04she came for interviews for her fellowship.
• 13:08So I tell her this is absolutely magnificent,
• 13:11but you have to stay away from that.
• 13:12And from that, and you work with
• 13:15Roberto will be OK and and and well,
• 13:18she become one of my best friends
• 13:21is almost family with me.
• 13:22And so it's it's great to continue
• 13:25to be able to work with her.
• 13:28And as.
• 13:28You are loaded to.
• 13:30I came regularly afterwards and
• 13:32I spent the theoretical in 99
• 13:35here that was very enjoyable.
• 13:39We had great times and and this
• 13:41was at the time that I had many
• 13:44many commitments in Spain due
• 13:46to the fact that I was in charge
• 13:48of the national granting system
• 13:51for biomedical research,
• 13:52and it's been four years on that
• 13:54and I had to leave that because
• 13:56it was putting me away from
• 13:58the clinic. Aspects from from the lab.
• 14:00From everything and these
• 14:02parenthesis in Yale was.
• 14:04I came back with full energy,
• 14:07plenty of ideas to continue working
• 14:09until I retired from Barcelona and
• 14:12and come to to here to to burn.
• 14:15And I think that I've been always a yelling.
• 14:18I've sent many, many fellows to Yale from
• 14:21Spain from very many different ones,
• 14:24and some that were inspired by
• 14:26my experience and wished to come.
• 14:29And here we have Christina that
• 14:31came from from from that that
• 14:33same groups of people from Spain.
• 14:35But there were many other that was
• 14:37still no videos. There were bad.
• 14:40You name it. A whole branch Lopez,
• 14:44Talavera, who you all of you know,
• 14:46because he's living in the area
• 14:49and so it's it's has been.
• 14:51A fantastic experience and I'm very
• 14:54very very proud to be associated
• 14:57with L still nowadays and and to keep
• 15:00having cooperations and contacts and
• 15:03active interchange with with many
• 15:05people from the unit so I have an
• 15:09eternal debt of gratitude to all of
• 15:12you and for the fantastic way you
• 15:15were hospitality that I had there
• 15:18I always say to my to to my people.
• 15:22That they will spread to treated the
• 15:24jail that way it was never treated in Spain.
• 15:27Then I discovered that in Bern
• 15:29they treat people as well.
• 15:31Quite well their fellows.
• 15:33So I I think the best way to go is is
• 15:39to be from Spain and being trained in jail.
• 15:42Then you feel like a king and thank you.
• 15:46Thank you, thank you very much, honey.
• 15:48We're going now to Luca Fabbri Luca.
• 15:52Thank you Jim and also Mario and
• 15:55the Mike for kind invitation.
• 15:58First let me to say that I feel
• 16:02deeply honored to sit at this round
• 16:05table and to be involving such
• 16:08a an important event as a liver.
• 16:10Really I started my experience in Yala in 27,
• 16:15joining the liver.
• 16:17The Yeah liver center as visiting
• 16:20professor at that time.
• 16:22I came from a collaborative study
• 16:24with Mario on the role of vascular
• 16:27growth factors in polycystic liver
• 16:30disease and thanks to the generation
• 16:33of several animal models harboring
• 16:36genetic defects in city proteins
• 16:39expressed by Cholangiocytes,
• 16:41Yale Liver Labs gave me the
• 16:44ideal opportunity to expand those
• 16:47observation and to investigate
• 16:50whether apparent function of system.
• 16:52And your side where involving
• 16:55biliary fibrosis and data generating
• 16:57during the first two years of my
• 17:00visiting professorship enabled me
• 17:03to get a competitive grant from
• 17:05the telephone foundation in Italy,
• 17:07which is devoted to the study of
• 17:11genetic disease and the things that
• 17:14my relationship with the Yale Liver
• 17:17Center became closer and turned
• 17:19to an urgent appointment in 2012.
• 17:221st as assistant and then from
• 17:262018 as associate professor.
• 17:28Traveling from Italy to yes on regular
• 17:32basis to three times a year until the
• 17:362020 when the COVID-19 outbreak occurred.
• 17:38So during this year,
• 17:4110 years and more day,
• 17:43a liver center environment
• 17:45is being instrumental,
• 17:47inspire and sustain my study on
• 17:50the photo Physiology of genetical,
• 17:53antipathies and cholangiocarcinoma,
• 17:56giving me the opportunity to
• 17:58have access to innovative models
• 18:01and to cutting edge approaches.
• 18:04Overall I look at the Yale Center as
• 18:08the home of Translational Hepatology.
• 18:12A coming a time in which the role
• 18:15of the physician scientist has
• 18:17become a matter of controversy.
• 18:20Being sharper,
• 18:21the distinction from the clinician,
• 18:24I strongly believe that the
• 18:27translational research,
• 18:28bridging basic research and clinical
• 18:31care still represents an important.
• 18:34The value when we are facing with the the.
• 18:37These are all even more significance
• 18:40in the era of personalized medicine.
• 18:43Although several years passed
• 18:45from the early 19, so when,
• 18:49uh,
• 18:49translational research rose to the
• 18:52challenge of going into molecular.
• 18:56The Yale Oliver Centers continues to
• 18:58show me how the interdigitation of
• 19:02research and clinical care may provide,
• 19:06indeed asset or to be important
• 19:10more than ever.
• 19:16Thank you very much.
• 19:19And now we'll go to another
• 19:21visiting scientist, Fatima Lady.
• 19:25Yeah hi thank you.
• 19:26Thank you very much.
• 19:27Doctor Boyer for the kind introduction
• 19:30and invitation and thank you all
• 19:32for sharing your stories here.
• 19:34It's it's a great honor to to be here today.
• 19:37So coming to your first question.
• 19:39So what brought me to Yahoo Live Center?
• 19:42I can tell you all three things
• 19:47the first people.
• 19:49The second, a common scientific question.
• 19:52And the third one was the image facility.
• 19:55So let me explore that a little bit.
• 19:57So well Yayo Liveset is well known
• 20:01for having outstanding scientists
• 20:03and my my collaboration here at
• 20:06the Yale Living Center has been
• 20:08with Doctor Michael Nathanson.
• 20:10We collaborate for about 2 decades,
• 20:13and we started this collaboration
• 20:15because we had a common question,
• 20:17and we continue this collaboration to today
• 20:19because we still have common questions,
• 20:22scientific questions.
• 20:22So it has been a very long and
• 20:25productive collaboration and
• 20:29a background in cell biology.
• 20:31One huge attraction was the image
• 20:34facility that you have here,
• 20:36so really being able to put my hands
• 20:41on these very fancy microscopes
• 20:44and look literally look deep
• 20:46into the cells of the liver.
• 20:48So that was a major attraction
• 20:51that really brought me here.
• 20:54So to say what I I got from
• 20:57the universe center,
• 20:58if I could put that in like in a one word,
• 21:01I would say a leadership.
• 21:03That's what I took home.
• 21:05And that with the guidance
• 21:08of Michael Nathanson,
• 21:09I created my own research
• 21:11laboratory in Brazil.
• 21:13I work in calcium signaling in the liver and
• 21:17my main focus was an educational program,
• 21:20so I broadened these years.
• 21:22I have supervised several PhD students,
• 21:26many of them are now professors,
• 21:29and they have their own research labs
• 21:33in several universities throughout
• 21:35Brazil and outside Brazil as well,
• 21:38and many of them work and deliver field.
• 21:41Yeah,
• 21:42several of these students.
• 21:43They have the chance to come to Yale,
• 21:45some for a shorter time,
• 21:46some for a longer time,
• 21:48some paid by Michael Grant,
• 21:50some paid by my side.
• 21:52I mean a very good collaboration
• 21:55because it goes in both directions.
• 21:58So I think this is very good to to be
• 22:00able to be in touch with the students
• 22:03and help because this represents
• 22:05continuation expansion and continuation
• 22:07of the research and deliver field.
• 22:10So more recently also.
• 22:11Doctor Boyer,
• 22:12he received several students from Brazil.
• 22:16Very young MD students.
• 22:17Most of them were empty students.
• 22:20Some PhD students and they came
• 22:22to the course that you organized
• 22:24main and gave these students
• 22:26opportunity to be in contact with
• 22:29scientific methodology and and.
• 22:31Many of them are now doing research
• 22:34and they even wrote a letter
• 22:36telling Doctor Boyle what they
• 22:38are are doing now and research.
• 22:40So I think this is spectacular thing so.
• 22:46Working on the.
• 22:47Riverfield I became a Howard Hughes
• 22:50Medical Institute International fellow.
• 22:53That's a prestigious thing,
• 22:56prestigious position to be.
• 22:58I became one of the few Brazilians
• 23:00scientists to to have such a
• 23:03position in the Scientific Academy.
• 23:05And of course that brought that visibility.
• 23:10Yeah, besides many other things.
• 23:12But what did we do with that?
• 23:14So we we expanded.
• 23:16So with the help of Micronations
• 23:18and Guadalupe we created
• 23:20in Brazil a liver center.
• 23:23So it's the first liver center in
• 23:25South America and we are young.
• 23:27We are not even five years old
• 23:30with the pandemic in the process.
• 23:33But we didn't start small,
• 23:35we were we are very.
• 23:38We are big institution.
• 23:39Recall like we are a an
• 23:41institution without frontier.
• 23:43It's organized by me and three other
• 23:45colleagues from my home institution.
• 23:47All of us had a chance to spend
• 23:49some time here at the Yale
• 23:50at the Yale Liver Center,
• 23:52so we could kind of.
• 23:56Use what we learned here and adapt
• 23:58it to our condition in Brazil,
• 24:00so our goal is to bring together
• 24:03scientists from basic science to clinicians
• 24:05and the IT has been very successful.
• 24:08So just to give you a concrete
• 24:10example of that, in 2018 we had an
• 24:13outbreak of yellow fever in Brazil in
• 24:17the southeast part of Brazil that.
• 24:20It's not very common to have
• 24:22yellow fever there,
• 24:23and people were dying really fast.
• 24:25Which acute liver disease.
• 24:27So so very fast we organized ourselves
• 24:31to to 1st treat patient successfully
• 24:33and the tree study the the biology
• 24:37and the the pathology of this disease.
• 24:40So we we came together with a
• 24:43very nice publication.
• 24:43We became cover of the very prestigious
• 24:47journal that and that's the kind
• 24:49of things we do by combining.
• 24:52Many hospitals in Brazil are
• 24:53involved in our legal center.
• 24:55Private and public hospital,
• 24:57and many universities,
• 24:58and recently we are getting
• 25:00filiation from European countries
• 25:02as well and also from the United
• 25:04States like East and West Coast.
• 25:06So it seems like we have the
• 25:08right direction I think,
• 25:09and more recently we did the
• 25:11same with the COVID.
• 25:12We had a very nice publication
• 25:16on liver field with COVID patient
• 25:19and so I I think there are many
• 25:21things I could say that I.
• 25:23I.
• 25:25Took advantage of having time spend
• 25:28time here at the liver Center,
• 25:30but I think I will stop now.
• 25:31I'll let the other people have
• 25:33a chance to talk,
• 25:35but before that I would like to
• 25:37express my sincere gratitude in
• 25:38the name of all the Brazilians
• 25:40that came to the universe Santa,
• 25:42the experience life here.
• 25:45For you Doctor Boyer and to Doctor Nathanson,
• 25:48my sincere gratitude,
• 25:49our sincere gratitude,
• 25:51and that we are glad that we could
• 25:54contribute to the universe center,
• 25:56and we want to continue contributing,
• 25:59and that we want this collaboration
• 26:01has been very productive,
• 26:03and so I think I will stop now.
• 26:06And I wish a long life for the center.
• 26:08So thank you very much for having me here.
• 26:10Thank you.
• 26:12Going on to Christina Paul,
• 26:14I just want to say that one of the reasons
• 26:16that we wanted to hear from all of you.
• 26:19Is because you have all and and
• 26:21those others that have come over
• 26:24the years from international areas.
• 26:27They've contributed enormously
• 26:28to the success of this senator
• 26:32and that we congratulate you all.
• 26:35Christina, let's hear what
• 26:36why are you came and.
• 26:39How that affected your career?
• 26:41OK, well if I would just to summarize
• 26:45it in very very fast and short Sanders,
• 26:48I would say I came to Yale
• 26:50because payment went to Yale.
• 26:51Actually, Heyman went to Yale,
• 26:54came back to Spain and started portal
• 26:56hypertension research in Spain.
• 26:58My mentor in Spain I come from from
• 27:01I I I did my gastroenterology,
• 27:03hepatology specialization
• 27:05in Madrid with Rafa Banyat,
• 27:08Izum Rafa Banyas was a fellow from Heyman
• 27:11after I finished my specialization.
• 27:13I applied for a clinical scientist
• 27:15funded by the Spanish Government
• 27:17and this had foreseen that one
• 27:20could spend one year abroad.
• 27:23We had planned I.
• 27:24I was obviously doing my clinical
• 27:26scientists in portal hypertension.
• 27:29I had a clinical part.
• 27:30I also did a a statistical degree in
• 27:33this time and we since we had no lab.
• 27:37The idea was that I could go to
• 27:40Yale with Professor Grossman.
• 27:43To learn more about lab research in
• 27:46the field of portal hypertension,
• 27:49I still remember when I went with
• 27:52Rafael Vanadis in Barcelona and to it
• 27:55was in a in a meeting where Roberto
• 27:58was there and how we approached him.
• 28:00I still can see the aisle in
• 28:02the in this meeting room.
• 28:03When we asked him if I could if I
• 28:06could go and he said yes and it was a
• 28:09great honor when I was there though I
• 28:11not only did lab research or maybe my impact.
• 28:14Not so much the lab research,
• 28:15but more the clinical side and there
• 28:18I had the wonderful opportunity
• 28:20of working with with Lupe,
• 28:22which is for me also another
• 28:24one of my super mentors,
• 28:26which is the person who has proposed me
• 28:29and brought me forward in the field,
• 28:31suggesting dropping my name to to do
• 28:33one thing or another and I'm extremely
• 28:36grateful to to loop it for all the
• 28:39support that she she has given me.
• 28:41And this also implies the.
• 28:44The influence in my career.
• 28:46Yale,
• 28:46my Yale stay has had a major
• 28:48influence in my career.
• 28:50I now worked in Germany and if I work in
• 28:53Germany now it's just because of Yale.
• 28:55Because in Yale I met my husband who
• 28:58is was also a fellow there at Yale
• 29:01and my husband and the father of my
• 29:03child and This is why I moved to Germany.
• 29:05So first of all a great personal impact
• 29:07and then from a research point of view,
• 29:09since I've been in Yale,
• 29:12I've had.
• 29:14The the experience the whole Yale
• 29:16experience has had a major impact in the
• 29:18way I see things working with Roberto,
• 29:20working with Lupe and these in these
• 29:23fascinating discussions with Lupe where
• 29:25we can discuss the Natural History of
• 29:27of cirrhosis and and interchange ideas.
• 29:30This is so stimulating and
• 29:31has had such an impact.
• 29:33And it's also still still nowadays.
• 29:35Unfortunately,
• 29:35because of COVID not so not so
• 29:37frequently in the last in the last time,
• 29:39but still these are very,
• 29:42very stimulating.
• 29:44And fascinating discussions which
• 29:47move me to continue doing research in
• 29:50the field. So I cannot say Yale
• 29:53has had major impact in my life
• 29:55from many many points of view.
• 29:57There is a before and an after,
• 29:59and I'd like to thank the for
• 30:01the opportunity to to to to
• 30:03be able to to be to be there.
• 30:06Like you, Christine.
• 30:08The only one that has it got him
• 30:12a mate from from as well as your
• 30:15research activities from our server,
• 30:18so that's a plus. Oh well,
• 30:21turn the audit to shifts and shift.
• 30:24Thank you for being with us.
• 30:25I know it's after midnight and and New Delhi.
• 30:29But please tell us why you came and.
• 30:34How that is stimulated.
• 30:35Your wonderful career.
• 30:38Thank you, Professor Boyer,
• 30:41Mike and Mario for inviting me and making
• 30:45me relive my sojourn at Yale in 8889.
• 30:50I stayed about 14 months and I was doing a
• 30:53lot of clinical work in portal hypertension,
• 30:56but my dream was to work with
• 30:58Professor Boyle because he had worked
• 31:01on idiopathic portal hypertension,
• 31:03so I wrote my Fulbright Fellowship
• 31:05and it got accepted amongst probably
• 31:08exceptional category and I could choose
• 31:11and I asked to a good doctor Boyer,
• 31:13but he was very magnanimous,
• 31:15generous and he said look,
• 31:17I'm not working on animal models
• 31:19and he took me to Roberto.
• 31:21And reverted Roberto kindly accepted me
• 31:24and that was the beginning of my career.
• 31:27The hemodynamics in the rat
• 31:30hepatic hemodynamics were known
• 31:33Vorobyov and many others,
• 31:35but not in mouse and I had to
• 31:37work on shifts to in mouse.
• 31:39So Roberto said, look,
• 31:40can you handle a mouse?
• 31:42And I had never handled one and I
• 31:44started and this was the beginning
• 31:46of the development of hemodynamics,
• 31:48hepatic hemodynamics in mouse.
• 31:50They double microsphere.
• 31:52And regional flows.
• 31:53But what was interesting was
• 31:55when I would put my food tray,
• 31:58I mean the animal tray,
• 32:00the plastic tray,
• 32:01Roberto would come and stand behind
• 32:03my back and see whether I'm putting
• 32:06the P30 or P-10 in the correct place.
• 32:09Sometimes he would open the slit
• 32:10of the door and watch me doing.
• 32:13I did about 200 plus animals in three months.
• 32:16Every single tracing of holy Grass
• 32:19Seven had to be deposited in his room.
• 32:22Signed and the Green Book signed
• 32:25after 302 hundred animals.
• 32:27I thought I've done enough.
• 32:29He says as cynical as he was to himself
• 32:32said repeat everything I said look,
• 32:35I'm here for a year.
• 32:36$8.00 is an animal,
• 32:37he said repeat and I repeated
• 32:40another 120 animals.
• 32:41It took me 5 months after I finished.
• 32:44He checked everything and the guy says
• 32:47science has to be reproduced and you
• 32:50should be the first one to produce.
• 32:53And I still, you know,
• 32:54I was reborn like rebooted it,
• 32:57cleaned my slate.
• 32:58I learned how to live, how to value the data.
• 33:04He was at his best during the
• 33:06morning when you take him for a
• 33:08coffee to the Veterans Cafe house.
• 33:10Although he would never pay for the fellows,
• 33:12I had to pay sometimes just a joke.
• 33:17The interesting part in the Yale was that
• 33:21these animals used to come from Tufts.
• 33:24They would come by flight,
• 33:26the helicopter would land at the
• 33:28Yale Tennis Center, you know,
• 33:30and then would be before sacrifice.
• 33:32They had all their dreams fulfilled.
• 33:35I had to work with the best of the people,
• 33:37Yogeshwar Dayal at Tufts and Marcus Wyking.
• 33:42I had the privilege.
• 33:43Of presenting my work to people
• 33:46in MRI labs who had no idea
• 33:48where liver is and to tell them
• 33:51in seven minutes what you can.
• 33:53This was a unique tradition at the lab.
• 33:56You have to simply say your science.
• 33:59After all these walking in the
• 34:01corridors with Edrian or with
• 34:05sometimes doctor Spiro was good,
• 34:09but the best was Harold Kahn.
• 34:11Harold had a house close to the sea beach.
• 34:14He invited me twice for dinner.
• 34:17The walls were all with masks
• 34:20collected from across the world,
• 34:22and these masks were unique.
• 34:25Every time the man of few words with
• 34:28very crisp vision would say shave,
• 34:30you should stay back.
• 34:32Anyway, he was a genius in his own right.
• 34:36I grew up in some time.
• 34:38I had the pleasure of listening to the
• 34:41Journal Club presented by Doctor Boyer.
• 34:44He would present sell or signs.
• 34:45If I recollect well,
• 34:46though I had never seen a professor
• 34:48presenting a journal club.
• 34:50It was a teaching for me.
• 34:51Roberto would take two days
• 34:53off to prepare a journal club.
• 34:55In fact, to review a paper,
• 34:57he would take a day or two off.
• 35:00After all these days,
• 35:02having spent there,
• 35:04I want to recite just one or two minutes
• 35:07for the how the second years introduce
• 35:10the faculty to the first year it was,
• 35:13I think, the 10th floor of the science block.
• 35:16The second years are showing
• 35:18slides 16 M slides.
• 35:20First slide is blank, a voice comes.
• 35:24Please keep the patient for endoscopy.
• 35:27At 1:00 o'clock my flight lands at 11,
• 35:29but I have to leave.
• 35:30At 5:00 o'clock, under Harold Kahn,
• 35:34never seen but is always there for endoscope.
• 35:37Second slide,
• 35:38there is a toilet door swinging door with
• 35:42a man with his legs shown a toilet seat,
• 35:46a heap of gastroenterology,
• 35:48a flush sound,
• 35:49comes here comes Henry Binder.
• 35:53There were a couple of slides for Spiro,
• 35:56but I can't tell them.
• 35:58Well, these were my learning days.
• 36:01I had the best of the technicians Martha.
• 36:04I had Cindy.
• 36:05I had my colleagues who you know,
• 36:07gave me a warm welcome coming
• 36:09from a country like India,
• 36:11Yale was a huge experience.
• 36:14I could see Sheila Sherlock.
• 36:16I had the privilege of having Irwin areas,
• 36:20and many, many distinguished people.
• 36:23The time I came back in 89 I was able to.
• 36:29It was a dream to set up a liver
• 36:32university which I could set up in 2010
• 36:35Institute for Liver and Biliary Sciences,
• 36:37which is now a deemed to be global.
• 36:39Leverage university.
• 36:40We saw close to 110,000 liver
• 36:43patients in 19 2018 with about 9500
• 36:48emergency 100 living donor liver
• 36:50transplant and as the largest liver.
• 36:53The national liver disease
• 36:55biobank of 6.5 million capacity.
• 36:57All this came after my rebirth at Yale.
• 37:01I was nobody.
• 37:03I learned how to spell ABCD.
• 37:05I learned how Andy Bligh had worked there,
• 37:09how high we had worked and many,
• 37:11many secular had worked.
• 37:13Such great people that changed my life.
• 37:16I'm immensely thankful
• 37:18and I wish Doctor Boyer.
• 37:20To make two request one,
• 37:22this activity could be continued
• 37:23every year if possible.
• 37:25The Diamond Jubilee and also the YALIES
• 37:27can have a network where they can
• 37:30conduct their own world class clinical
• 37:32and research studies.
• 37:34But thank you salutations and my
• 37:36indebtedness for what I am today
• 37:39due to the Yale Liver Center and
• 37:41thank you Jim for giving me the
• 37:44opportunity to work with you
• 37:46directly or indirectly. Thank
• 37:47you. Very much well.
• 37:49We turned to Michael Turner now
• 37:51last but certainly not least.
• 37:55They're great, thanks a lot Tim and
• 37:57and friends who was really great
• 37:59listening to your experience and how
• 38:01this also matches my own experience.
• 38:04My my three years at Yale and
• 38:07Jim's lab as postdoctoral fellow,
• 38:10we're truly transformative for me,
• 38:12so I see it as a way you know
• 38:14of my scientific enlightenment.
• 38:16I was not doing much research before,
• 38:19so it was the first time, like me.
• 38:21Who said, you know, being 100%
• 38:22dedicated to science as a physician?
• 38:25Scientist was a great experience and
• 38:27I think it was a wonderful time.
• 38:30I wouldn't be who I am and where I
• 38:32am now without my experience at Yale.
• 38:35It was first of all experience.
• 38:37The mentorship by you, Jim,
• 38:39your mentorship and leadership.
• 38:41This is an experience which
• 38:43one is taking back home,
• 38:45shaping and only group leading
• 38:46an own division.
• 38:47Also seeing how to lead the digestive
• 38:50disease division as hepatologist.
• 38:53This is also something I
• 38:54was closely watching you.
• 38:56And it was an extremely critical
• 38:59mass at Yale.
• 39:00It was the right time to be there.
• 39:03You know, the beginning of molecular biology,
• 39:05the cloning of transporters.
• 39:07At that time.
• 39:08You know moving from the base to
• 39:10lateral to the kind of transporters.
• 39:12And I,
• 39:13I was really.
• 39:14I still remember the joint lab
• 39:16meetings which we had with all the
• 39:18groups within digestive diseases.
• 39:20Mike Nathenson group Jim Anderson,
• 39:22the pediatric group with Ben Schneider.
• 39:24Fred Suchi sold.
• 39:26This was an enormous rich experience
• 39:29going far beyond the Yale Liver Center,
• 39:32which at that time you know
• 39:34after leaving Yale,
• 39:35I realized you know that there was also
• 39:37a lot about metabolism and immunology.
• 39:39There was very much focused on
• 39:41bile and and and and cell biology,
• 39:44of course,
• 39:44but I think this rich personal
• 39:47experience was going far beyond
• 39:49hepatology and also medicine.
• 39:51It was, you know,
• 39:53the scientific environment,
• 39:55which was really transformative.
• 39:57And all of you have mentioned the
• 39:59friendship which is still continuing.
• 40:02I feel part of of the Yale liver family.
• 40:05It is really great to to meet former fellows.
• 40:09You were automatically connected to
• 40:11Fellows who were there before you.
• 40:13You know it was just like being
• 40:15part of a big family and and
• 40:18also meeting of peers and fellows
• 40:20like Michael or Chris Bowles who
• 40:22have moved on in their career.
• 40:24It's something which.
• 40:26It's really an extremely rich,
• 40:28personal and scientific experience,
• 40:30and an extremely grateful to that it was.
• 40:33I think,
• 40:33the best time or one of the best time,
• 40:36at least the best professional time.
• 40:37Don't tell my wife in my life.
• 40:40Basically,
• 40:40thank you.
• 40:43Wonderful. Hear from all of you and and
• 40:46I think we have a few minutes left.
• 40:50If there are questions that anybody
• 40:53wants to bring up or other comments.
• 40:56The. Please, please do so.
• 40:59I don't see anything in the chat here.
• 41:04The. See, you audience, uh, have any any
• 41:09questions that they would like? Ask us.
• 41:20But I just want to reiterate how important
• 41:23all of you and your alumni and the fellow
• 41:27and visiting faculty alumni out there,
• 41:30the Yale alumni and we won't be saying
• 41:33once you've been at you, you're a yaly
• 41:37and have contributed to the success.
• 41:41Of our labs for sure.
• 41:44And I think all of you have have
• 41:47who we've talked to today and have
• 41:50gone on and done wonderful things.
• 41:53And you do wonderful things.
• 41:57Very proud of of all of you
• 42:00who have gone on and and.
• 42:03And just I guess as a mother
• 42:06is for their child.
• 42:08We're all mentally proud of
• 42:11of your accomplishments so.
• 42:14I don't know whether there's anything
• 42:16else anybody wants to say, but.
• 42:19Thank you very much for.
• 42:22Coming this late hour.
• 42:25Thank you and.
• 42:29And we look forward to the end of COVID
• 42:31and and and seeing you all in person.
• 42:38Absolutely. Thanks to all of you.
• 42:43It's all very much. Thank you, thank you.